Promising tech, not plug and play

✅ Smooth ULD handling: Most ULDs processed without issue
 

⚠️ Some issues / processing errors with older/deformed ULDs
 

✅ Error recovery: AGV can detect and recover from errors
autonomously
 

✅ Battery performance: ~150–200 ULD moves per charge; full-day operation achievable
 

✅ Smart charging enables full-day use (e.g., night/off-peak)
 

⚠️ Sensor interference from sunlight: Needs mitigation (e.g. shielding or filtering)

User experience
 

✅ Better bag retention: Bags stay securely inside the ALD, reducing risk of damage or loss

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✅ Improved ergonomics: Less bending and reaching needed, reducing physical strain on staff

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⚠️ Loading takes more effort to close units properly

Limited capacity: More ALDs needed → higher space usage and more movements on the apron and in the hall

Operational readiness in real- world

✅ Full-day operation is realistic with smart charging strategies (night charging, opportunistic, priority-based)

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✅ Multiple AGVs work well together without major coordination issues

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⏩ Real-world testing was key: Real airport operations revealed edge cases and valuable improvement points

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⏩ Involving handlers and ground staff boosted engagement with actionable feedback