AGV in baggage halls
Brussels Airport
Can AGVs carry the load? Real-world ULD transport in Brussels Pier A
We’re testing how an Automated Guided Vehicle can move ULDs inside Brussels Pier A’s baggage hall— a space not originally designed for autonomous vehicles, but ideal for learning.
Can it work in tight spaces, adapt to messy real-world conditions, and make life easier for handlers? That’s what this proof-of-concept is all about.
Challenge
As baggage handling moves toward automation, AGVs could close the loop—ensuring empty containers arrive at load cells and full ones leave on time. This PoC explores if AGVs can handle that role under real conditions and fit into future operational models.
Method
We tested one AGV navigating between three key points: a transfer station interfacing with the traditional tug-and-dolly flow, another located at the load cell area (simulating future integration), and a set of vertical storage racks. The ability to store ULDs at height helps overcome space constraints.
In parallel, we trialed a new airport dolly and container in live operational conditions, working closely with our ground handling partners.
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Feels futuristic – but it’s solving today’s problems — Baggage Handler, after Demo Day
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Assumptions
We believe that:
• AGVs can safely and autonomously move ULDs across live operational areas like Pier A, without structural changes.
• They should handle common disruptions (e.g. floor reflectivity, obstacles, container variations), support smarter resource use, and help reduce manual effort—making them viable for broader baggage logistics.
Strong potential, still under development
3,300 bags were processed with over 96% success and no technical issues, validating reliable operation in a live environment.
Clear areas for refinement
Some light bags and side-by-side placements did not always reorient as expected, highlighting areas for further development.
Better positioning, better flow
The trial resulted in over 60% fewer downstream jams and more than 40% fewer mistracked bags, proving meaningful real-world benefits.
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The reorientation unit reduces the need for manual intervention, improving flow consistency and decreasing workload on system operators.
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Early engagement with operations teams helped validate the concept and build ownership around the innovation.